In Python, a class is a blueprint or a template that defines the attributes (data) and behaviors (methods) that objects of the class will have. It serves as a blueprint for creating multiple objects with similar properties and functionalities.
A class encapsulates related data and functions into a single entity. It can have attributes to store data and methods to perform actions or operations on the data. Attributes represent the characteristics or state of an object, while methods define the behavior or actions that an object can perform.
For example, consider a class named 'Car' that represents cars in general. The 'Car' class may have attributes like 'brand', 'model', 'color', and 'speed' to represent the specific characteristics of a car. It can also have methods like 'start_engine()', 'accelerate()', and 'brake()' to define the actions that a car can perform.
An object, on the other hand, is an instance of a class. When a class is instantiated, it creates a unique object with its own set of attributes and methods defined by the class. Each object of a class can have different values for its attributes while sharing the same set of methods defined in the class.
To create an object of a class, we use the class name followed by parentheses, like invoking a function. This instantiation process allocates memory for the object and initializes its attributes based on the class definition.
For example, using the 'Car' class mentioned earlier, we can create an object named 'my_car' as follows:
class Car:
def __init__(self, brand, model, color):
self.brand = brand
self.model = model
self.color = color
def start_engine(self):
print("Engine started.")
my_car = Car("Toyota", "Camry", "Blue")
In this example, 'my_car' is an object of the 'Car' class. It has its own set of attributes ('brand', 'model', 'color') assigned while creating the object. It also shares the 'start_engine()' method defined in the class, which can be called on 'my_car' to perform the specific action of starting the engine.
In summary, a class in Python represents a blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines the attributes and methods that objects of the class will have. An object is an instance of a class and represents a specific occurrence or entity in the real world. Objects have their own unique set of attribute values and can invoke the methods defined in the class.
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