Preparing for a CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) interview requires a solid understanding of routing and switching concepts. Here are some commonly asked interview questions along with brief explanations or answers to help you get ready:
Basic Networking Concepts
What is the OSI model and can you describe each layer?
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework used to understand network interactions in seven layers:
Physical: Hardware and transmission media.
Data Link: Error detection, frames, MAC addresses.
Network: Routing, IP addresses.
Transport: End-to-end connections, TCP/UDP.
Session: Inter-host communication.
Presentation: Data translation, encryption.
Application: Network services to applications.
What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is connection-oriented, ensuring reliable data transfer with error checking and flow control.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is connectionless, providing faster data transfer without error checking or flow control.
Routing
What is a router and what is its primary function?
A router is a network device that forwards data packets between computer networks. It directs traffic based on IP addresses and routing tables.
Explain the difference between static and dynamic routing.
Static Routing: Routes are manually configured and do not change.
Dynamic Routing: Routes are automatically learned and adjusted through protocols like OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP.
What is OSPF and how does it work?
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol that uses the Dijkstra algorithm to find the shortest path. It updates routing tables dynamically based on network topology changes.
What is the purpose of the routing table?
The routing table stores routes to various network destinations. Routers use it to determine the best path for forwarding packets.
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