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Stages of development of public international law
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merehan:
Public international law
There are many definitions of public international law, and it can be defined in general as a set of legal rules that consist of the rules and principles that govern the behavior of the state, and therefore those principles and rules apply to the relations between the elements of the international community. The organization of international relations did not appear until after the seventeenth century, that is, after the Treaty of Westphalia, and despite that, the international community was not free before that of laws, as civilized groups during human history contributed to the formation of the rules of international laws, and therefore the development of international law It has been going on since the advent of human gatherings.
Stages of development of public international law
International Relations in Antiquity
International law did not appear except with the emergence of states, and ancient times witnessed many multiple forms of international relations, the most important of which are peace treaties, friendship, alliance and ending wars, for example, the Indian Manu Law, which regulated the rules of concluding treaties, waging wars and diplomatic representation, but from another perspective, more Relationships were governed by divine law.
International Relations in the Age of the Greeks
The relationship of the Greek cities with each other was built on the basis of common interest, stability and cooperation, due to the unity of religion, gender and language, as there were organizational rules in the peaceful and hostile relations of the Greeks, such as: the rules for waging wars, and the rules of diplomatic representation, as for the relationship of the Greeks with other Greeks Peoples, the Greek people believed that they were distinguished from other peoples, and that they had the right to subjugate and control any other people, and therefore the relationship of the Greeks with other peoples was based on hostility, and their wars with them were arbitrary, as they were not subject to any legal rules It was distinguished by the lack of consideration for humane considerations and cruelty.
International relations in the era of the Romans
The Romans, like the Greeks, believed in their superiority over the rest of the peoples, and they had the right to control the peoples who were hostile to them, so their relationship was based on war with the rest of the other peoples, and therefore the Roman Empire took control of most parts of the world, and the Romans were distinguished by their legal genius, so some legal rules appeared Between the Romans and the subjects of the peoples to which they belong, or with which they are bound by treaties of friendship or alliance, and it was called the Peoples’ Law, which was regulating the relations between members of the Roman people and members of other peoples, as it was protecting the members of those peoples while they were in Rome or moved there, But peoples who are not bound to Rome by any treaty of alliance or friendship, the citizens and property of those states are not protected and may even be killed.
In general, legislative law has flourished a lot in the era of the Romans, but issues related to public international law were not prominent in ancient societies, because there was no equality between peoples, and there were no independent states because of the domination of a certain people over other peoples.
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